This course considers the development and spread of creoles and pidgins, introduces principles of language policy and planning, and analyzes the emergence of New Englishes. Precludes additional credit for LALS 4805 or LALS 4802 (no longer offered). Prerequisite(s): third-year standing in Applied Linguistics and Discourse Studies, or in Linguistics, or enrolment in the CTESL program, or permission of the instructor.Lectures and discussion three hours a week.